VAMP
Visa Acquirer Monitoring Program (VAMP) is a risk monitoring program operated by Visa to identify and merchants with excessive or rates, while promoting fraud controls and fair business practices across the payment ecosystem. Enhanced on April 1, 2025, VAMP consolidates fraud and dispute monitoring into a unified program designed to create more seamless controls and processes for preventing fraud, avoiding enumeration attacks, and effectively managing disputes.
The program operates on two key transaction-based metrics:
- VAMP Ratio
Combines fraud notifications (TC40) and all card-not-present disputes (TC15) into a single measure, calculated as (TC40 + TC15) / Total sales count. This metric provides a clearer view of overall risk by unifying previously separate fraud and dispute measurements. - VAMP Enumeration Ratio
Measures the frequency of enumeration attacks where fraudsters systematically test card details to discover valid account information, calculated as Enumerated transactions / Total transaction count.
Visa conducts monthly reviews of processing activity to identify merchants exceeding program thresholds. Merchants must surpass both rate and volume thresholds to be enrolled in the program. The monitoring system implements tiered thresholds categorized as Excessive, Above Standard, and Early Warning, with different criteria for various global regions, including the EU, the US, the UAE, and LATAM.
The program includes a 90-day grace period for every 12 months that participants are not identified in the program, during which remediation is required, but no penalties are imposed. Following the grace period, enforcement fees apply per monthly count of fraud and disputes.
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